Fire safety in non-domestic premises is governed by the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 (FSO) in England and Wales. The "responsible person" — usually the employer, owner, or occupier — must ensure fire safety measures are in place.
Key Requirements
- Fire risk assessment — identify fire hazards, people at risk, evaluate and remove/reduce risks, record findings (if 5+ employees), and review regularly
- Fire detection and warning systems — appropriate smoke/heat detectors and a fire alarm that can be heard throughout the premises
- Fire-fighting equipment — suitable fire extinguishers in the right locations, regularly maintained
- Emergency routes and exits — clearly marked, unobstructed, and adequate for the number of people
- Emergency lighting — in case main lighting fails
- Fire safety signs — exit signs, fire action notices, and extinguisher location signs
- Staff training — all employees must receive fire safety training on induction and refresher training at regular intervals
- Fire drills — regular evacuation drills (at least once a year, more often for higher-risk premises)
- Maintenance records — keep records of all fire safety checks, maintenance, and training
The Fire Safety (England) Regulations 2022
For multi-occupied residential buildings (11+ metres), additional duties include providing wayfinding signage, giving residents fire safety information, and checking flat entrance doors and communal fire doors.
Enforcement
Fire and rescue authorities carry out inspections and can issue enforcement notices, prohibition notices (immediately closing premises), or prosecute. Fines are unlimited and imprisonment is possible for the most serious breaches.
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