2025 UK Employment Law Changes

Performance Management 2 min read

How should UK employers manage underperformance?

Reviewed by Rebecca Hughes, Senior HR Consultant, CIPD Level 7 Last updated: 12 March 2026
Expert Answer

Managing underperformance is one of the most common — and most frequently mishandled — HR challenges. Get it right and you can turn a struggling employee around. Get it wrong and you risk unfair dismissal claims, damaged morale, and costly tribunals.

Step-by-Step Approach

1. Identify the Root Cause

Before taking action, understand why performance is below par. Common causes include:

  • Lack of training or unclear expectations
  • Personal issues (health, family, mental health)
  • Poor management or inadequate support
  • Mismatch between the role and the employee's skills
  • Workplace issues (bullying, harassment, overwork)

2. Informal Discussion

Start with a private, honest conversation. Explain the gap between expected and actual performance, listen to the employee's perspective, and agree on next steps. Document the discussion.

3. Set Clear Objectives

Use SMART objectives so the employee knows exactly what's expected. Provide training, mentoring, or other support.

4. Monitor and Review

Schedule regular check-ins (weekly or fortnightly) to review progress. Document all feedback — positive and negative.

5. Formal PIP

If informal steps haven't worked, move to a formal Performance Improvement Plan with clear targets, timescales, and consequences.

6. Capability Hearing

If the PIP is unsuccessful, you may need to hold a formal capability hearing. Follow the ACAS Code of Practice throughout. The employee must have the right to be accompanied and to appeal any decision.

Our performance management service supports you through every stage. Get expert guidance.

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